Foshan Overview

Overview

Foshan (佛山市), abbreviated as "Chan" (禅), is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province (广东省), China. Recognized by the State Council as an important manufacturing base in China, it serves as a key economic center in the western Pearl River Delta (珠江三角洲) and a comprehensive transportation hub.

Located in South China, in the central part of Guangdong Province and deep within the Pearl River Delta, Foshan enjoys a subtropical monsoon humid climate, characterized by mild weather and ample rainfall. The city is adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, bordered by Guangzhou (广州市) to the east and Zhongshan (中山市) to the south. Together with Guangzhou, they form the "Guangzhou-Foshan Metropolitan Area" (广佛都市圈), promoting urban integration. Foshan also collaborates with Zhongshan to create the "Zhong-Fo City" (中佛同城) and works with Jiangmen (江门) to establish the "Jiang-Fo Unity" (江佛一家).

As an important node in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (粤港澳大湾区), the Pearl River-Xijiang Economic Belt (珠江—西江经济带), the "Guang-Fo-Zhao Economic Circle" (广佛肇经济圈), and the "Guangzhou Urban Circle" (广州都市圈), Foshan is one of the most developed areas for private economy in China. As of March 2024, Foshan governs five districts, covering a total area of 3,797.72 square kilometers. By the end of 2023, the resident population of Foshan reached 9.6154 million, with 9.1725 million living in urban areas.

Historical Background

Foshan's history dates back to the Jin Dynasty (晋), and its name originated during the Tang Dynasty (唐). In the second year of the Zhenguan era (贞观) (628 AD), three Buddha statues were excavated within the city. This discovery led to the belief that it was a sacred Buddhist site, prompting the name change to "Foshan" (佛山), meaning "Buddha Mountain."

Foshan is one of the birthplaces and flourishing centers of Lingnan (岭南) Cantonese culture. It is recognized as one of the "Four Great Gathering Places" (四大聚) and "Four Famous Towns" (四大名镇) in China. The city boasts a rich tradition of Cantonese opera (粤剧), ceramics, paper-cutting, and autumn colors. Additionally, it is known as a National Historical and Cultural City (国家历史文化名城), celebrated for its ceramics, martial arts, and Cantonese opera. Foshan is also renowned for its dragon boat and lion dance culture, making it the birthplace of Cantonese opera.

Economic Development

In 2023, Foshan's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 1,327.614 billion yuan, reflecting a growth of 5.0%. The contributions from various sectors included:

  • Primary industry: Added value of 22.878 billion yuan, growth of 4.7%
  • Secondary industry: Added value of 751.372 billion yuan, growth of 6.2%
  • Tertiary industry: Added value of 553.364 billion yuan, growth of 3.3%

Fast Facts

Basic Information

Foshan (佛山市) is a prefecture-level city in Guangdong Province (广东省), China. Established as a key manufacturing hub, Foshan is recognized for its vibrant economy and rich cultural heritage. It plays a pivotal role in the Pearl River Delta (珠江三角洲), a significant economic region in China.

Population

As of the end of 2023, Foshan has a resident population of approximately 9.6154 million people, with about 9.1725 million living in urban areas. The city's population is diverse, comprising various ethnic groups, with a significant proportion of Han Chinese.

Climate

Foshan enjoys a subtropical monsoon humid climate, characterized by:

  • Temperature: Mild winters and hot, humid summers.
  • Rainfall: Abundant rainfall, particularly from April to September.
  • Seasons: The city experiences four distinct seasons, with the most rainfall occurring during the summer months.

Geography

Foshan is strategically located in the central part of Guangdong Province, forming part of the Pearl River Delta. It shares borders with:

  • Guangzhou (广州市) to the north,
  • Zhongshan (中山市) to the south,
  • Jiangmen (江门市) to the west.

The city is characterized by its flat terrain, rivers, and numerous lakes, making it a picturesque location for both residents and visitors.

Culture

Foshan is a vibrant center for Cantonese culture, celebrated for its contributions to:

  • Cantonese Opera (粤剧): A traditional form of Chinese theater known for its singing and elaborate costumes.
  • Ceramics: Foshan is renowned for its high-quality pottery and ceramics, with a history that dates back centuries.
  • Martial Arts: The city is famous as the birthplace of Wing Chun Kung Fu, with several schools and masters residing there.

Foshan also hosts numerous festivals, such as the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, showcasing local traditions and cuisine.

History

Foshan's history dates back to the Jin Dynasty (晋) but gained prominence during the Tang Dynasty (唐). Key historical events include:

  • 628 AD: The discovery of three Buddha statues during excavations led to the renaming of the area as "Foshan," meaning "Buddha Mountain."
  • Cultural Development: Foshan has long been a cultural melting pot, influencing and being influenced by various dynasties.

Economy

Foshan is a vital economic center, contributing significantly to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The economy is characterized by:

  • Manufacturing: Major sectors include furniture, ceramics, electronics, and textiles.
  • Growth Rates: In 2023, Foshan's GDP reached 1,327.614 billion yuan, with notable growth in the secondary and tertiary industries.

Natural Resources

Foshan is rich in natural resources, particularly in ceramics and pottery, which are integral to its cultural identity and economy. The city's clay and mineral deposits support a thriving ceramics industry.

Landmarks

Key landmarks in Foshan include:

  • Ancestor Hall of the Chan Clan (陈氏祠堂): A historic temple showcasing exquisite architecture and cultural artifacts.
  • Foshan Lingnan Tiandi (佛山岭南天地): A modern cultural and commercial complex that blends traditional and contemporary elements.
  • Nanfeng Ancient Kiln (南风古灶): One of the oldest kilns in the region, offering insights into the traditional pottery-making process.

Administrative Divisions

Foshan is divided into five districts, each with its unique characteristics:

  • Chancheng District (禅城区): The political and cultural center of the city.
  • Nanhai District (南海区): Known for its economic development and industrial parks.
  • Shunde District (顺德区): Famous for its cuisine and as a hub for furniture manufacturing.
  • Sanshui District (三水区): Rich in natural scenery, including rivers and mountains.
  • Gaoming District (高明区): Known for its agriculture and ecological tourism.