Temple of the White Dagoba (Baita Si or Miaoyingsi) in Beijing

Introduction

Miaoying Temple妙应寺, also known as the Temple of the White Dagoba (白塔寺, Baita Si), is located at 171 Fuchengmennei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing (北京市西城区阜成门内大街171号). Established in the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1279), it was rebuilt in the first year of the Tianshun reign (1457) and is home to one of the oldest and largest Tibetan-style dagobas (stupas) from the Yuan Dynasty still standing in China today. The temple occupies an area of approximately 13,000 square meters and consists of two main parts: the main courtyard and the stupa courtyard.

Historical Background

The temple’s history dates back to the second year of the Liao Dynasty (1096), when the Yong’an Temple was founded, housing a relic stupa of Sakyamuni Buddha. After being destroyed during the Jin Dynasty, the stupa’s base remained. In the 8th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1271), Kublai Khan personally chose the site for the White Dagoba, designed by the Nepali craftsman Anige. The stupa was completed in 1279, housing the Sakyamuni relics.

Subsequent developments included the construction of the Wanan Temple around the White Dagoba, which became a center for royal religious activities. The temple underwent several renovations throughout its history, with significant restorations in the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially during the reigns of Emperor Xuande (1433) and Qianlong (1753).

Despite suffering during the Boxer Rebellion and the Cultural Revolution, the temple has been restored and remains a significant cultural heritage site. In 1961, the White Dagoba was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Architectural Layout

Miaoying Temple is symmetrically arranged along a central axis, featuring the following main structures from south to north: the Mountain Gate (山门), Bell and Drum Tower (钟鼓楼), Hall of Heavenly Kings (天王殿), Great Enlightenment Hall (大觉宝殿), Hall of Seven Buddhas (七佛宝殿), and the Stupa Courtyard (塔院). The courtyard is raised two meters above ground, surrounded by red walls, with a white dagoba situated in the center slightly to the north.

Main Buildings

  • Mountain Gate (山门): Features three openings and stone-carved horizontal plaques inscribed with “Imperially Granted Miaoying Zen Forest” (敕赐妙应禅林).
  • Hall of Heavenly Kings (天王殿): Located directly north of the Mountain Gate, this hall contains statues of the Four Heavenly Kings.
  • Great Enlightenment Hall (大觉宝殿): North of the Hall of Heavenly Kings, this hall enshrines the Three Buddhas and features exquisite coffered ceilings.
  • Hall of Seven Buddhas (七佛宝殿): North of the Great Enlightenment Hall, it houses seven Buddha statues and eighteen Arhats.
  • Stupa Courtyard (塔院): Dominated by the White Dagoba, which stands 50.9 meters tall and is adorned with intricate carvings and relics.

Cultural Activities

In the latter half of the Qing Dynasty, Miaoying Temple became famous for its temple fairs, where vendors sold various goods, snacks, and pets. Notable events include:

  • Public Culture Activities: Events such as “Exploring the Ancient Capital’s Charm” and exhibitions celebrating the 70th anniversary of New China have been held here.
  • Annual Night Events: Cultural nights celebrating the history and significance of the White Dagoba are organized regularly.

How to Get There

Transportation

  • Public Bus: You can take bus lines 3, 13, 42, 101, 102, 103, 409, or 612, getting off at the Bai Ta Si Dong stop (白塔寺东站).
  • Subway: Take Line 2 of the Beijing Subway and alight at Fuchengmen Station (阜成门站).
  • By Car: Miaoying Temple is approximately 1.6 kilometers from the Xicheng District People’s Government, taking about 7 minutes to drive.

Travel Tips

  • Opening Hours: The temple is open from Tuesday to Sunday, from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM (tickets are sold until 4:00 PM).
  • Admission Fee: The entrance fee is 20 RMB per person.
  • Cultural Etiquette: When visiting the temple, dress modestly and behave respectfully, especially in areas where rituals are performed.
  • Photography: Be mindful of any restrictions regarding photography, particularly during religious ceremonies.

Visiting Miaoying Temple offers a unique glimpse into the history and culture of Buddhism in China, alongside stunning architecture and a serene atmosphere.