Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner

Overview

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗 is an autonomous region under Hohhot in Inner Mongolia, China. It is notable for its ethnic diversity, historical significance, and picturesque landscapes. With an area of 10,356 square kilometers and a population of approximately 305,998 as of 2023, it is a unique blend of cultures and traditions.

Historical Development

  • Pre-Qin Period: The region was initially inhabited by nomadic tribes, including the Zhi Sui Mo and Fuyu people.
  • Liao to Yuan Dynasties: It underwent various administrative divisions during these dynasties.
  • Republic of China (1946): Renamed as Morin Dawa Banner to reflect its Daur heritage.
  • 1958: Officially recognized as an autonomous region for the Daur people, marking a significant step in cultural preservation.
  • 1969-1979: Temporarily governed by Heilongjiang Province before returning to Inner Mongolia, impacting local governance and development.

Administrative Divisions

Morin Dawa comprises:

  • Towns: 11
  • Townships: 2
  • Ethnic Townships: 2
  • Villages: 220
  • Communities: 26

Towns

  1. Nierji Town (尼尔基镇) – Administrative center.
  2. Baoshan Town (宝山镇)
  3. Hadayang Town (哈达阳镇)
  4. Arla Town (阿尔拉镇)
  5. Hanguer River Town (汉古尔河镇)
  6. Xiwalitu Town (西瓦尔图镇)
  7. Tengke Town (腾克镇)
  8. Kuilehe Town (奎勒河镇)
  9. Tawan’ao’bao Town (塔温敖宝镇)
  10. Dengteke Town (登特科镇)
  11. Hongyan Town (红彦镇)

Townships

  1. Kuruchi Township (库如奇乡)
  2. Erhe Township (额尔和乡)

Ethnic Townships

  1. Dulaer Ewenki Ethnic Township (杜拉尔鄂温克民族乡)
  2. Bayannur Ewenki Ethnic Township (巴彦鄂温克民族乡)

Geographic Environment

Location & Topography

Situated between latitude 48°05′10″ and longitude 123°32′55″, Morin Dawa’s terrain slopes from northwest to southeast with an average elevation of 400 meters. The highest peak, Waxi Geqi Mountain, reaches 638.3 meters, offering scenic views.

Climate

Morin Dawa features a temperate continental monsoon climate characterized by:

  • Average temperature: 1.3°C
  • Annual precipitation: 400-500 mm
  • Frost-free period: Approximately 115 days, making agriculture viable.

Hydrology

The region has 56 rivers, contributing to an annual runoff of 14.74 billion cubic meters, essential for irrigation and local ecosystems.

Natural Resources

Land Use

  • Arable Land: 5,688 square kilometers
  • Grassland: 621 square kilometers
  • Forests: 2,218 square kilometers
  • Wetlands: 953 square kilometers

Flora and Fauna

The region boasts over 250 medicinal plant species and more than 160 animal species, including endangered species like the white-tailed eagle and red-crowned crane.

Economy

Agriculture

Morin Dawa is a major producer of:

  • Corn
  • Soybeans
  • Rice
  • Vegetables

Livestock farming, particularly cattle, sheep, and horses, is also a significant economic activity.

Mining

The area is rich in minerals, especially coal and iron ore, which greatly contribute to the local economy.

Tourism

Emerging as a cultural and ecological tourism destination, major attractions include:

  • China Daur Ethnic Park: Showcases Daur culture and traditions.
  • Morin Dawa Daur Ethnic Museum: Highlights the history and lifestyle of the Daur people.
  • Batehan Park: A natural park offering outdoor activities and scenic beauty.

Culture

Ethnic Composition

The region is a cultural hub for the Daur people, along with other ethnic groups such as the Ewenki and Han Chinese.

Festivals

Traditional Daur festivals include:

  • Daur New Year: Celebrated with traditional dances and music.
  • Spring Festival: Marked with family reunions and cultural performances.

Cuisine

Local dishes reflect the region’s agricultural and pastoral heritage, featuring specialties such as lamb, horse meat, dairy products, and grains. Daur hot pot is a popular dish among locals.

Transportation

  • Roads: The region is connected by a network of highways facilitating transportation.
  • Railway: The nearest major railway station is in Hohhot, providing access to other parts of Inner Mongolia and beyond.
  • Air: The closest airport is in Hohhot, about 200 kilometers away.

Education

  • Primary and Secondary Schools: Several schools offer education in both Daur and Mandarin languages to preserve local culture while promoting integration.
  • Higher Education: Students often attend universities in larger cities like Hohhot.

Healthcare

  • Health Facilities: The region has several hospitals and clinics, although more advanced medical facilities are located in Hohhot.
  • Traditional Medicine: Traditional Daur healing practices and herbal medicine are still prevalent alongside modern healthcare services.

Notable Attractions

  • China Daur Ethnic Park: A cultural park showcasing Daur heritage through traditional architecture and activities.
  • Morin Dawa Daur Ethnic Museum: Offers insights into the history, culture, and lifestyle of the Daur people.
  • Batehan Park: Known for its beautiful natural scenery and opportunities for hiking and outdoor activities.
  • Local Markets: Vibrant markets offer traditional Daur handicrafts, food, and cultural performances.

Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner is a region rich in natural resources, ethnic culture, and history. With diverse landscapes, a vibrant economy, and a growing tourism sector, it plays a vital role in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, preserving its unique cultural heritage while contributing to modern economic development.