Lanzhou Water Mosque (Lanzhou Xiguan Grand Mosque)
The Lanzhou Water Mosque (兰州水上清真寺) is one of the oldest and most iconic mosques in Lanzhou, located on Jinchengguan Road in the Gansu Province. With a construction area of approximately 488 square meters, the mosque is renowned for its distinctive architectural style and its historical significance in the spread of Islam in China.
History and Background
The Water Mosque, also known as Lanzhou Xiguan Grand Mosque (兰州西关清真大寺), was first established during the third year of the Republic of China (民国三年), in 1914. Situated on the north bank of the Yellow River (黄河), the mosque offers a unique view with its crescent-shaped dome, blending Islamic architectural style with the local landscape.
The mosque’s history dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368–1398), when it was initially founded by Muslim settlers in the “Kulu Bay” area. It was constructed along the river, with donations from the local Muslim community.
Reconstruction and Renovation
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the mosque underwent several phases of expansion and renovation under government support. However, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), the mosque suffered damage. In 1979, following the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, the government decided to restore the mosque, with the support of local leaders, including urban planning expert Ren Zhenying (任震英). The mosque was rebuilt in its original location, and a new structure with an Arabian-style dome was erected.
In 1999, as part of a citywide infrastructure development plan, the North Riverside Road was expanded. The city government preserved the mosque and incorporated it into the new city plan. In 2004, the mosque underwent a significant renovation, bringing a refreshed look to this historical site.
Architectural Features
Mosque Design
Due to space limitations, the mosque was designed with a three-story building. The first floor is used for storage and kitchen, while the second and third floors serve as classrooms, dormitories for the imam (教长) and students, and facilities such as a bathing room. The mosque features clean and convenient facilities, with modern amenities like running water and hot water boilers. Being located next to the river, the mosque enjoys fresh air and natural ventilation.
The mosque’s architectural style is a fusion of traditional Arabic and Eastern elements. The main prayer hall (礼拜殿) is a two-story building with pale yellow walls and green trim. Inside, the hall is spacious, with sufficient natural light, giving a serene and dignified atmosphere. The prayer hall is equipped with chandeliers, fans, and a sound system.
The outer walls of the prayer hall are adorned with colorful decorative paintings, enhancing the aesthetic value with a strong Oriental flair. At the top of the dome, a crescent-shaped ornament made from colorful bulbs is illuminated at night, adding to the mosque’s distinct cultural appeal.
Scenic Surroundings
Upon entering the mosque through its grand gate, visitors are greeted by a series of bonsai displays, rock gardens, and fountains, creating a peaceful and elegant environment. The surrounding gardens, with their fish-filled lotus ponds, enhance the feeling of tranquility, while the surrounding trees and pavilions further accentuate the scenic beauty.
To the north, visitors can see pavilions and terraces, with lush trees dotting the area. Looking east, the iconic Yellow River Iron Bridge (黄河铁桥) spans across the river, symbolizing strength and resilience, as it guards the mosque day and night. To the west, the winding path of the Yellow River (黄河) offers a spectacular view.
Cultural Exchange and Collaboration
As the first mosque to open during Lanzhou’s reform and opening-up period, the Water Mosque has become an important venue for international religious exchanges. It has hosted prominent Islamic leaders, including the head of the World Islamic Union, the president of Al-Azhar University in Egypt, as well as religious leaders from Pakistan, Egypt, Malaysia, and Syria. This has significantly increased the mosque’s global reputation.
Notable Imams (阿訇)
- First Imam: Yang Sen (杨森), from New Gansu District, Lanzhou (兰州新关).
- Second Imam: Ma Tianzi (马天驷), from Baishu Lane, Lanzhou (兰州柏树巷).
- Third Imam: Ma Deqi (马德旗), from Jinchengguan, Lanzhou (兰州金城关).
- Current Imam: An Guowen (安国文), from Xiaoxi Lake, Qilihe District, Lanzhou (兰州七里河小西湖), who has studied abroad for many years.
Travel Tips and How to Get There
Best Time to Visit
The Water Mosque is open year-round, but it is recommended to visit in the early morning or late afternoon when there are fewer visitors. This allows you to enjoy a quieter, more serene experience of the mosque’s architecture and interior decorations.
Dress Code
When visiting the mosque, it is important to dress modestly and respectfully. Avoid wearing revealing or inappropriate clothing. Women visitors may wear a headscarf as a sign of respect for the religious site.
Respecting Rules
When entering the mosque, visitors are expected to adhere to certain rules, such as refraining from smoking and taking photos, as well as maintaining a quiet demeanor to avoid disturbing other visitors and worshippers.
Explore the Architecture
Take time to appreciate the architectural details of the mosque, such as the intricate wood carvings, brickwork, and stone sculptures, which combine Islamic and Chinese architectural influences.
Learn About the Religion
The Water Mosque is not just a religious site, but a place where visitors can learn about the teachings of Islam and its importance in the Muslim community. If possible, try to participate in some of the religious activities, such as the Friday prayer, to gain a deeper understanding of the culture.
Nearby Attractions
In addition to the Water Mosque, Lanzhou has several other notable tourist attractions, including:
- White Pagoda Mountain (白塔山): A scenic area offering panoramic views of the city.
- Mother Yellow River Statue (黄河母亲雕像): A symbol of the Yellow River’s importance to the region.
- Lanzhou Waterwheel Garden Museum (兰州水车博物馆): Showcasing the region’s traditional waterwheel culture.
How to Get There
- Address: Jinchengguan Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province (甘肃省兰州市金城关路).
- Public Transport: You can take Bus No. 1, No. 13, or No. 126 to Xiguan Shizi Station (西关什字站), then walk to the mosque.
- By Taxi: Taxis can easily reach the mosque, and it is a famous landmark in Lanzhou.
General Tips
- Personal Belongings: Keep an eye on your belongings, as mosques can get crowded, especially during prayer times.
- Respect Local Customs: Be mindful of local customs, and if you have questions, feel free to ask the mosque staff or local guides for assistance.
